Bounds to optimal burn‐in and optimal work size

Burn‐in is a widely used method to improve the quality of products or systems after they have been produced. In this paper, we consider the problem of determining the optimal burn‐in time and optimal work size maximizing the long‐run average amount of work saved per time unit in the computer applications. Assuming that the underlying lifetime distribution of the computer has an initially decreasing or/and eventually increasing failure rate function, an upper bound for the optimal burn‐in time is derived for each fixed work size and a uniform (with respect to the burn‐in time) upper bound for the optimal work size is also obtained. Furthermore, it is shown that a non‐trivial lower bound for the optimal burn‐in time can be derived if the underlying lifetime distribution has a large initial failure rate. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

BEPCII直线加速器相控系统设计研究

为了补偿由于各种因素引起的微波相位漂移,BEPCII直线加速器需要建立微波相位反馈控制系统.能量最大法将用来确定每台功率源的最佳相位.沿直线加速器速调管长廊铺设相位稳定同轴线提供相位参考.现在已经完成了关键部件,如PAD单元、IfA 单元的开发.搭建了相控最小系统对系统进行了验证.     

Robust Speed Control of a Low Damped Electromechanical System Based on CRONE Control: Application to a Four Mass Experimental Test Bench

Robust speed control of a low damped electromechanical system with backlash is studied, controlled load angular speed being not measured. The proposed control strategy combines a Luenberger observer (load angular speed and load torque disturbance estimations) and a robust CRONE controller. The observer provides estimation of the load angular speed and of the disturbance torque applied on the load. Through the computation of only three independent parameters (as many as a PID controller), the CRONE controller permits to ensure the robust speed control of the load in spite of plant parametric variations and speed observation errors. The proposed control strategy is applied to a four mass experimental test bench.     

A high‐resolution scheme for low Mach number flows

A method for computing low Mach number flows using high‐resolution interpolation and difference formulas, within the framework of the Marker and Cell (MAC) scheme, is presented. This increases the range of wavenumbers that are properly resolved on a given grid so that a sufficiently accurate solution can be obtained without extensive grid refinement. Results using this scheme are presented for three problems. The first is the two‐dimensional Taylor–Green flow which has a closed form solution. The second is the evolution of perturbations to constant‐density, plane channel flow for which linear stability solutions are known. The third is the oscillatory instability of a variable density plane jet. In this case, unless the sharp density gradients are resolved, the calculations would breakdown. Under‐resolved calculations gave solutions containing vortices which grew in place rather than being convected out. With the present scheme, regular oscillations of this instability were obtained and vortices were convected out regularly. Stable computations were possible over a wider range of sensitive parameters such as density ratio and co‐flow velocity ratio. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.     

Heterochain model for simultaneous long‐chain branching and crosslinking. III. Multicomponent polymerization

The matrix formula developed in the context of heterochain theory, M?_w = M?_wp + WF ( I ? M )^?1 S , was applied to describe the molecular weight development during free‐radical multicomponent polymerization. All of the required probabilistic parameters are expressed in terms of the kinetic‐rate constants and the various concentrations associated with them. In free‐radical polymerization, the number of heterochain types, N, needs to be extrapolated to infinity, and such extrapolation is conducted with only three different N values. This matrix formula can be used as a benchmark test if other approximate approaches can give reasonable estimates of the weight‐average molecular weights. The moment equations with the average pseudo‐kinetic‐rate constants for branching and crosslinking reactions may provide poor estimates when the copolymer composition drift during polymerization is very significant. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2801–2812, 2004     

Desorption behavior of a surfactant in a linear low‐density polyethylene blend at elevated temperatures

The desorption behavior of a surfactant in a linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) blend at elevated temperatures of 50, 70, and 80 °C was studied with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The composition of the LLDPE blend was 70:30 LLDPE/low‐density polyethylene. Three different specimens (II, III, and IV) were prepared with various compositions of a small molecular penetrant, sorbitan palmitate (SPAN‐40), and a migration controller, poly(ethylene acrylic acid) (EAA), in the LLDPE blend. The calculated diffusion coefficient (D) of SPAN‐40 in specimens II, III, and IV, between 50 and 80 °C, varied from 1.74 × 10^?11 to 6.79 × 10^?11 cm²/s, from 1.10 × 10^?11 to 5.75 × 10^?11 cm²/s, and from 0.58 × 10^?11 to 4.75 × 10^?11 cm²/s, respectively. In addition, the calculated activation energies (E_D) of specimens II, III, and IV, from the plotting of ln D versus 1/T between 50 and 80 °C, were 42.9, 52.7, and 65.6 kJ/mol, respectively. These values were different from those obtained between 25 and 50 °C and were believed to have been influenced by the interference of Tinuvin (a UV stabilizer) at elevated temperatures higher than 50 °C. Although the desorption rate of SPAN‐40 increased with the temperature and decreased with the EAA content, the observed spectral behavior did not depend on the temperature and time. For all specimens stored over 50 °C, the peak at 1739 cm^?1 decreased in a few days and subsequently increased with a peak shift toward 1730 cm^?1. This arose from the carbonyl stretching vibration of Tinuvin, possibly because of oxidation or degradation at elevated temperatures. In addition, the incorporation of EAA into the LLDPE blend suppressed the desorption rate of SPAN‐40 and retarded the appearance of the 1730 cm^?1 peak. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 1114–1126, 2004     

Effects of poly[styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐b‐styrene] on the charge distributions of low‐density polyethylene/polystyrene blends

The effect of the triblock copolymer poly[styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐b‐styrene] (SEBS) on the formation of the space charge of immiscible low‐density polyethylene (LDPE)/polystyrene (PS) blends was investigated. Blends of 70/30 (wt %) LDPE/PS were prepared through melt blending in an internal mixer at a blend temperature of 220 °C. The amount of charge that accumulated in the 70% LDPE/30% PS blends decreased when the SEBS content increased up to 10 wt %. For compatibilized and uncompatibilized blends, no significant change in the degree of crystallinity of LDPE in the blends was observed, and so the effect of crystallization on the space charge distribution could be excluded. Morphological observations showed that the addition of SEBS resulted in a domain size reduction of the dispersed PS phase and better interfacial adhesion between the LDPE and PS phases. The location of SEBS at a domain interface enabled charges to migrate from one phase to the other via the domain interface and, therefore, resulted in a significant decrease in the amount of space charge for the LDPE/PS blends with SEBS. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2813–2820, 2004     

修饰态布居的选择性激发对无反转激光的作用

以三能级V型系统为例研究修饰态布居的选择性激发对无反转激光增益的作用. 当非 相干驱动场的频谱宽度远小于驱动场产生的修饰态能级的间距时，非相干驱动场只将一个修 饰态的布居抽运至激发态. 借助原子的衰减通道，系统中形成单向布居转移通道，从而建立 修饰态布居的选择性激发. 利用修饰态布居的选择性激发，可以摆脱裸态共振无反转激光的 三个限制: (1) 不再要求辅助的低频驱动跃迁比高频激光跃迁具有更高的衰减速率；(2) 显 著降低非相干激发速率的阈值；(3) 无反转激光的线性增益不再反比于相干驱动场的强 关键词： 修饰态布居的选择性激发 无反转激光增益 原子衰减速率 非相干激发阈值速率     

光纤光栅选频掺Yb3+双包层光纤激光器

利用相位掩模法 ,在D形内包层掺Yb3 双包层光纤一端直接写制出Bragg光栅 ,用作双包层光纤激光器的输出腔镜 .试验得到了线宽为 0 196nm ,波长为 10 5 8 2nm ,最高输出功率为 5 70mW的稳定激光输出 ,解决了激光器中模式竞争造成的输出不稳定现象 .从速率方程出发 ,对激光器的输出功率与抽运功率、光栅反射率的关系以及最佳光纤长度进行了理论分析 ,结果与实验符合很好     

Kinetic Studies on the Reaction of Sodium Hexa-cyanoferrate(II) Complex with Peroxydisulfate Anion

Introduction In the previous studies on the oxidation reaction,peroxydisulfate was widely used as an oxidizingagent.1-5 One of the advantages of this oxidant lies in itsstability in a wide range of pH values. The reaction be-tween Fe(CN)5L3- (L=N-aromatic heterocyclic li-gands) and S2O8 2- has been proved to proceed throughan outer-sphere electron transfer mechanism.5 For a re-action [(Eq. (1)] to be under an outer-sphere mechanismthe steps involved are the formation of a reactant …